[119] The French urban artist known pseudonymously as Invader has created versions of the Mona Lisa on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using a mosaic style. [29], The depiction of the sitter in three-quarter profile is similar to late 15th-century works by Lorenzo di Credi and Agnolo di Domenico del Mazziere. [50][51][52][a], Circa 1505,[54] Raphael executed a pen-and-ink sketch, in which the columns flanking the subject are more apparent. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda, a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. [147], Copy of Mona Lisa commonly attributed to Salaì, 16th-century copy at the Hermitage by unknown artist, This article is about the painting. The woman appears alive to an unusual extent, which Leonardo achieved by his method of not drawing outlines (sfumato). La Joconde, de Léonard de Vinci est un tableau conservé au Louvre, peint sur panneau de bois de 77 centimètres de hauteur sur 53 centimètres de largeur, est le portrait de Mona ( = Madonna) Lisa, probablement femme de Francesco del Giocondo (1465-1528) citoyen de Florence.Léonard de Vinci y travailla quatre années de suite, vers l'an 1500. Profitant de la fermeture du musée, il s'approche de La Joconde sans difficulté. During the 20th century it was an object for mass reproduction, merchandising, lampooning and speculation, and was claimed to have been reproduced in "300 paintings and 2,000 advertisements". Pourquoi La Joconde a-t-elle une renommée mondiale aussi exceptionnelle, exprimant la peinture en général et l'idéal féminin en particulier ? Despite the treatments, the Mona Lisa has been well cared for throughout its history, and although the panel's warping caused the curators "some worry",[98] the 2004–05 conservation team was optimistic about the future of the work. [14], The Mona Lisa bears a strong resemblance to many Renaissance depictions of the Virgin Mary, who was at that time seen as an ideal for womanhood. After some confusion as to whether the painting was being photographed somewhere, the Louvre was closed for a week for investigation. [63], The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the Mona Lisa was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. Secteur de collection For example, Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, "even when measured by late quattrocento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards. Après un siècle de relative tranquillité, la Joconde est volée le 21 août 1911. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962[11] (equivalent to $660 million in 2019). That Leonardo painted such a work, and its date, were confirmed in 2005 when a scholar at Heidelberg University discovered a marginal note in a 1477 printing of a volume by ancient Roman philosopher Cicero. Forger Yves Chaudron was to have created six copies of the painting to sell in the US while concealing the location of the original. [113] André Salmon subsequently described the painting as "The Mona Lisa of Cubism". The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari),[12] is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa (mona being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects), but this is rare in English. [14], In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. [63], On 6 April 2005—following a period of curatorial maintenance, recording, and analysis—the painting was moved to a new location within the museum's Salle des États. Sometime between 1888 and 1905, or perhaps during the picture's theft, the upper brace fell out. La Joconde (1503-1506). [37], There has been much speculation regarding the painting's model and landscape. Both were later exonerated. He did so with such force that it shattered the glass case and dislodged a speck of pigment near the left elbow. It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. Son plus célèbre tableau, le portrait de Mona Lisa, a été réalisé en superposant plusieurs couches de peinture, reproduisant le modelé et le rendu de la peau avec un réalisme incroyable. [13] In 1516, Leonardo was invited by King Francis I to work at the Clos Lucé near the Château d'Amboise; it is believed that he took the Mona Lisa with him and continued to work on it after he moved to France. [141] It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. bibliographie. Le 16 octobre, la Joconde devrait regagner ses pénates, juste avant l’ouverture, le 24, de la grande exposition consacrée à Léonard, qui promet encore une affluence record. Raphael's Young Woman with Unicorn, c. 1506, Raphael's Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–15), Le rire (The Laugh) by Eugène Bataille, or Sapeck (1883), Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), oil on canvas, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Marguerite Agniel "As Mona Lisa" by Robert Henri, c. 1929, Today the Mona Lisa is considered the most famous painting in the world, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks. Le peintre italien y travaille pendant quatre ans, de 1503 à 1506, et utilise le peuplier comme support. [81] Decker published this account of the theft in 1932.[83]. [92][71] The underlying portrait appears to be of a model looking to the side, and lacks flanking columns,[94] but does not fit with historical descriptions of the painting. En quelques minutes il s'empare du tableau, le dissimule sous sa blouse d'employé et rentre chez lui, dans le Xe arrondissemen… [48] Leonardo's right hand was paralytic circa 1517,[49] which may indicate why he left the Mona Lisa unfinished. "[111][112] Jean Metzinger's Le goûter (Tea Time) was exhibited at the 1911 Salon d'Automne and was sarcastically described as "la Joconde à la cuiller" (Mona Lisa with a spoon) by art critic Louis Vauxcelles on the front page of Gil Blas. Not all images are in colour, especially for the archaeological collections. Localisation. Il a alors acquis une grande réputation. In 1970, the beech crosspieces were switched to maple after it was found that the beechwood had been infested with insects. Pour assurer un meilleur déroulement des travaux de rénovation de la salle des Etats et pour préserver les conditions d’accueil et de visite, le musée du Louvre a décidé de déplacer exceptionnellement la Joconde dans la Galerie Médicis, située au 2e étage de l’aile Richelieu (salle 801) du 17 juillet jusqu’à la fin du chantier, début octobre 2019. This became madonna, and its contraction mona. En effet, Léonard, invité à la cour de François Ier en 1517, l’emporte sans doute avec lui en France où il meurt deux ans plus tard au Clos Lucé, à Amboise. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. C’est probablement entre 1503 et 1506 que Francesco del Giocondo commande le portrait de sa jeune épouse à Léonard qui réside alors à Florence. [73] In 1797, it went on permanent display at the Louvre. ", "The 'Prado Mona Lisa' – The Mona Lisa Foundation", "Da Vinci's Mona Lisa Entering the Next Dimension", Tweened animated gif of Mona Lisa and Prado version, "Depth Perception and the History of Three-Dimensional Art: Who Produced the First Stereoscopic Images? The lamp has a Colour Rendering Index up to 98, and minimizes infrared and ultraviolet radiation which could otherwise degrade the painting. On 30 December 1956, Bolivian Ugo Ungaza Villegas threw a rock at the Mona Lisa while it was on display at the Louvre. Leonardo has chosen to place the horizon line not at the neck, as he did with Ginevra de' Benci, but on a level with the eyes, thus linking the figure with the landscape and emphasizing the mysterious nature of the painting. Léonard de Vinci peint le portrait de Mona Lisa ou La Joconde au début du XVIe siècle (entre 1503 et 1506 ou une dizaine d'année plus tard selon les historiens). [136], The restored painting is from a slightly different perspective than the original Mona Lisa, leading to the speculation that it is part of the world's first stereoscopic pair. L’œuvre est une peinture à l'huile sur un panneau de bois de peuplier, mesurant 77 × 53 cm. [75], In 1911, the painting was still not popular among the lay-public. [63], At some point, the Mona Lisa was removed from its original frame. [58][59][60][61] However, by 1993, Frank Zöllner observed that the painting surface had never been trimmed;[62] this was confirmed through a series of tests in 2004. He also found that in one layer the subject was depicted wearing numerous hairpins and a headdress adorned with pearls which was later scrubbed out and overpainted. This explains the great precision of the listings. Originally just for objects from the fine arts and decorative arts, in 2004 Joconde was united with what had been separate databases for objects from archeology and ethnology. [78][79] The real culprit was Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who had helped construct the painting's glass case. Live on the French Minitel system from 1992, the database went online to the World Wide Web in 1995. The insurance was not purchased; instead, more was spent on security. Rennes ; musée des beaux-arts. Behind her, a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. [111] Upon the painting's theft in 1911, Renaissance historian Bernard Berenson admitted that it had "simply become an incubus, and [he] was glad to be rid of her. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. Technique Mine graphite sur héliogravure. [85] [39], Research in 2003 by Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University said that Mona Lisa's smile disappears when observed with direct vision, known as foveal. The model, Lisa del Giocondo,[16][17] was a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany, and the wife of wealthy Florentine silk merchant Francesco del Giocondo. During World War II, it was again removed from the Louvre and taken first to the Château d'Amboise, then to the Loc-Dieu Abbey and Château de Chambord, then finally to the Ingres Museum in Montauban. Image réduite : Date de création 1930. [137][138][139] However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth. In response to warping and swelling experienced during its storage during World War II, and to prepare the picture for an exhibit to honour the anniversary of Leonardo's 500th birthday, the Mona Lisa was fitted in 1951 with a flexible oak frame with beech crosspieces. [55][56][57] Other later copies of the Mona Lisa, such as those in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and The Walters Art Museum, also display large flanking columns. [8], The painting is probably of the Italian noblewoman Lisa Gherardini,[9] the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, and is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. [96], The Mona Lisa has survived for more than 500 years, and an international commission convened in 1952 noted that "the picture is in a remarkable state of preservation. The Mona Lisa (/ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə/; Italian: Monna Lisa [ˈmɔnna ˈliːza] or La Gioconda [la dʒoˈkonda]; French: La Joconde [la ʒɔkɔ̃d]) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. [10], After the French Revolution, the painting was moved to the Louvre, but spent a brief period in the bedroom of Napoleon (d. 1821) in the Tuileries Palace. Cet oeuvre d'art est sous la responsabilité de Cécile Scailliérez ( conservateur )jusqu'en 2006, novembre 2006 au collectionneur et conservateur Vincent Delieuvin qui s'occupe des peintures italiennes du XVIème siècle. Dated October 1503, the note was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci. In 1909, the art collector Comtesse de Béhague gave the portrait its current frame,[101] a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the Mona Lisa. ", "In Louvre, New Room With View of 'Mona Lisa, "A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects", "Another art anniversary: Mona Lisa comes to New York! L'histoire de La Joconde demeure obscure : ni l'identité du modèle, ni la commande du portrait, ni le temps pendant lequel Léonard y travailla, voire le conserva, ni encore les circonstances de son entrée dans la collection royale française ne sont des faits clairement établis. Both Vasari and Gian Paolo Lomazzo describe the subject as smiling,[12][95] unlike the subject in Cotte's supposed portrait. L'attribution du dessin à l'entourage de Léonard de Vinci se fonde à l'origine sur le témoignage d'Antonio de Beatis, secrétaire du cardinal Louis d'Aragon. [124], The 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa and its subsequent return was reported worldwide, leading to a massive increase in public recognition of the painting. [62], The record of an October 1517 visit by Louis d'Aragon states that the Mona Lisa was executed for the deceased Giuliano de' Medici, Leonardo's steward at the Belvedere Palace between 1513 and 1516[65][66][b]—but this was likely an error. [citation needed]. The humidity is maintained at 50% ±10%, and the temperature is maintained between 18 and 21 °C. "[125], From December 1962 to March 1963, the French government lent it to the United States to be displayed in New York City and Washington, D.C.[126][127] It was shipped on the new ocean liner SS France. À propos de la notice. "[110], By the early 20th century, some critics started to feel the painting had become a repository for subjective exegeses and theories. A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint. [142] Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp and Luke Syson denied the attribution;[143][144] professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali,[145] and John F Asmus supported it;[146] others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain. [102] Since 2005 the painting has been illuminated by an LED lamp, and in 2013 a new 20 watt LED lamp was installed, specially designed for this painting. In 1883, Le rire, an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and goatee. [45] Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506",[8] art historian Martin Kemp says that there are some difficulties in confirming the dates with certainty. Le modèle qui a servi est inconnu, peut-être une Florentine, une femme de marchand, Lisa del Giocondo, née Lisa Gherardini, surnommée Mona Lisa. [114][115], The avant-garde art world has made note of the Mona Lisa's undeniable popularity. In 1952, the varnish layer over the background in the painting was evened out. Si la Joconde a été peinte en Italie entre 1503 et 1506, elle quittera son pays d'origine avec son créateur pour suivre François Ier, de passage dans le pays en raison des guerres d'Italie. Deux événements de la vie conjugale de Francesco del Giocondo et de Lisa Gherardini pourraient avoir suscité la réalisation de ce portrait : l'acquisition d'une … The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari), is also commonly spelle…
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